Wednesday, November 28, 2012

Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-3


 Q.1 A ……………… system in no more than idea.
A) Conceptual
B) Logical
C) Physical
D) None

Q.2 Design Phase consists of …………………….
1.       Identity the functions to be performed
2.       Design the input/output and file design
3.       Defining basic parameters for system design
A) 1 & 2
B) 2 & 3
C) 1 & 3
D) 1, 2 & 3


Q.3 A context diagram
A) Describes the context of a system
B) is a DFD which gives an overview of the system
C) is a detailed description of a system
D) is not used in drawing a detailed DFD

Q. 4 HIPO stand for
A) Hierarchy input process output
B) Hierarchy input plus output
C) Hierarchy plus input process output
D) Hierarchy input output Process

Q.5 Statement of scope and objectives, opportunities and performance criteria ………….
A) Problem definition
B) System analysis
C) System Design
D) Documentation

Q.6 Information can be categorized into …………….
1.       Environmental information
2.       Competitive information
3.       Government information
4.       Internal information
A) 1, 2 & 3
B) 1, 2 & 4
C) 2, 3 & 4
D) 1, 3 & 4

Q.7 System Development process is also called as ……………..
A) System Development Life Cycle
B) System Life Cycle
C) Both A and B
D) System Process Cycle

Q.8 The output of problem definition stage is ……………..
A) Master Development Plan
B) Terms of reference
C) Feasibility report
D) Final product

Q.9 Advantages of system flowcharts ………………….
A) Effective communication
B) Effective analysis
C) Queasier group or relationships
D) All A, B, C

Q.10 Based on the identification of objectives, input, output and file content, the vital document is called …
A) System Definition
B) System Document
C) System Requirement Document
D) System Subject

Q.11 A context diagram is used
A) as the first step in developing a detailed DFD of a system
B) in systems analysis of very complex systems
C) as an aid to system design
D) as an aid to programmer

Q.12 Which of the following is/are the sources for project requests?
A) Request from Department managers
B) Request from senior executives
C) Request from system Analyst
D) All of the above

Q.13 DDS stands for …………………
A) Data Data Systems
B) Data Digital System
C) Data Dictionary Systems
D) Digital Data Service

Q.14 ………….. Phase is a time consuming phase and yet a very crucial phase
A) Feasibility Study
B) Requirement Phase
C) Analysis Phase
D) Testing Phase

Q.15 A DFD is normally leveled as
A) It is a good idea in design
B) It is recommended by many experts
C) it is easy to do it
D) It is easier to read and understand a number of smaller DFDs than one large DFD

Q.16 ………………. is responsible for all aspects of data processing, operation research, organization and method, system analysis and design investments.
A) Management Services Director
B) Data Processing Manager
C) Computer Manager
D) Both B and C

Q.17 ……………… is a tabular method for describing the logic of the decisions to be taken.
A) Decision tables
B) Decision tree
C) Decision Method
D) Decision Data

Q.18 In ……………… system the interaction between various subsystems cannot be defined with certainty
A) Open System
B) Closed System
C) Deterministic System
D) Probabilistic System

Q. 19 State True or False.
1.       Term of reference is the final output of Feasibility Study
2.       Design specification report is the final output of System Analysis
A) 1-true, 2-true
B) 1-false, 2-true
C) 1-true, 2-false
D) 1-false, 2-false

Q.20 The key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis is include
i) Economical      ii) Technical         iii) Behavioral     iv) Personal
A) i, ii, iv              
B) i, ii, iii
C) ii, iii, iv
D) All of the above

Answers:
1.       A) Conceptual
2.       D) 1, 2 & 3
3.       B) is a DFD which .... of the system
4.       A) Hierarchy input process output
5.       A) Problem definition
6.       B) 1, 2 & 4
7.       A) System Development Life Cycle
8.       B) Terms of reference
9.       D) All A, B, C
10.   B) System Document
11.   A) as the first step ... DFD of a system
12.   D) All of the above
13.   C) Data Dictionary Systems
14.   C) Analysis Phase
15.   D) It is easier to ..... one large DFD
16.   A) Management Services Director
17.   A) Decision tables
18.   D) Probabilistic System
19.   D) 1-false, 2-false
20.   B) i, ii, iii

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Tuesday, November 27, 2012

Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-2


Q.1 ………… is a sort of blueprint of the system Development Effort.
A) MDP
B) DMP
C) MPD
D) DPM

Q. 2 Data store in a DFD represents.
A) a sequential file
B) a disk store
C) a repository of data
D) a random access memory


Q.3 …………… system consists of programs, data files and documentation
A) Conceptual
B) Logical
C) Physical
D) None of the above

Q.4 …………… is a good example of deterministic system.
A) Life cycle
B) Computer Program
C) Software Program
D) None of the above

Q.5 The main ingredient of the report documenting the ……………… is the cost benefit analysis.
A) System Analysis
B) Feasibility Study
C) System Analyst
D) System Design

Q.6  A data flow can
A) Only a data store
B) Only leave a data store
C) Enter or leave a data Store
D) Either enter or leave a data store but not both

Q.7  Changing the relationship with and services provided to customers in such a way that they will not think of changing suppliers is called ………….
A) Lock in customers
B) Lock out customers
C) Lock in competitors
D) Lock out competitors

Q.8  …………… can be defined as data that has been processed into a form that is meaningful to the recipient and is of real or perceived value in current or prospective decisions.
A) Information
B) Data collection
C) Internal data
D) Sample data

Q.9  Increased volume of sales is an example of ………….…. Benefit. Reduction of bad debts is an example of ………..
A) Tangible, Intangible
B) Tangible, Tangible
C) Intangible, Tangible
D) Intangible, Intangible

Q.10  A data cannot flow between a store and
i) a store              ii) a process        iii) an external entity

A) i and iii
B) i and ii
C) ii and iii
D) ii

Answers:
1.       A) MDP
2.       C) a repository of data
3.       C) Physical
4.       B) Computer Program
5.       B) Feasibility Study

6.       C) Enter or leave a data Store
7.       A) Lock in customers
8.       A) Information
9.       D) Intangible, Intangible
10.   A) i and iii

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Sunday, November 25, 2012

Solved MCQ of System Analysis and Design Set-1

Q. 1 …………………………. is an important factor of management information system.
A) System
B) Data
C) Process
D) All

Q.2  Which are the following is / are the level(s) of documentation?
A) Documentation for management
B) Documentation for user
C) Documentation for data processing department
D) All of the above


Q.3 ………………………….. level supply information to strategic tier for the use of top management.
A) Operational
B) Environmental
C) Competitive
D) Tactical

Q.4  In a DFD external entities are represented by a
A) Rectangle
B) Ellipse
C) Diamond shaped box
D) Circle
Q.5  …………… can be defined as data that has been processed into a form that is meaningful to the recipient and is of real or perceive value in current or prospective decisions.
A) System
B) Information
C) Technology
D) Service
Q.6 Use the new system as the same time as the old system to compare the results. This is known as ……
A) Procedure Writing
B) Simultaneous processing
C) Parallel Operation
D) File Conversion

Q.7 Decision making model was proposed by ………………….
A) Harry Goode
B) Herbert A Simon
C) Recon Michal
D) None of this

Q.8 A data flow can
A) Only emanate from an external entity
B) Only terminate in an external entity
C) May emanate and terminate in an external entity
D) May either emanate or terminate in an external entity but not both

Q. 9 …………… can be defined as most recent and perhaps the most comprehensive technique for solving computer problems.
A) System Analysis
B) System Data
C) System Procedure
D) System Record

Q.10 SDLC stands for
A) System Development Life Cycle
B) Structure Design Life Cycle
C) System Design Life Cycle
D) Structure development Life Cycle



Answers:
1.       A) System
2.       D) All of the above
3.       D) Tactical
4.       A) Rectangle
5.       B) Information

6.       C) Parallel Operation
7.       B) Herbert A Simon
8.       C) May emanate and ………entity
9.       A) System Analysis
10.   A) System Development Life Cycle

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Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)

      A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database management system (DBMS) that is based on relational model. It is the information that is stored database is related to import and export information each other. It acts as an interface between the user and the data. It ensures that the data is kept in a compact and consistent format, and allow the user to ask a wide range of questions about the data. A DBMS can be described by the view of the data it presents to the user.

 Key terms used in RDBMS
Query: A query is a small command or program given to a database system instructing it how to manipulate some data from a database.

Example: SELECT * FROM tbl_std;

Relation: A relational database consists of a set of two-dimensional tables termed relations. All the data in the database is contained entirely within such tables. Each relation in the database has a unique name so that it can be identified.

Example: An example of relation is shown here. It relates the names of the students and the marks obtained by them.

Students name
Mathematics
Science
Jems
88
67
Nikki
68
69
Ram
82
87


Domain: A column of data from such a relation is called a domain. Thus a domain represents a "vertical slice “of a relation. Each domain in a relation has a unique name. A domain is constrained to hold one particular type of data.
Example: Using example of the above relation, the domain Mathematics is shown here.

Mathematics
88
68
82

Attribute: An attribute refers to a property of a particular domain, for instance its name. Another attribute is the type of data stored within that domain.

Example: In the above example of domain, the name of domain “Mathematics” and the data type i.e. “integer” is the attribute of that domain.

Tuple: A single row from a relation is termed a tuple. A tuple represents a "horizontal slice" of a relation.

Example: An example of single tuple from the above relation is shown below.

Students name
Mathematics
Science
Jems
88
67


Field: A single atomic item of data is termed a field. A field is represented by the intersection of a specific tuple with a specific domain.

Example: An example of single field from the above relation is shown below.

Jems

Schema: Schema defines the structure of a relation which consists of a fixed set of attribute domain pair.

Instance: An instance of a relation is a time varying set of tuples where each tuple consists of attribute value pairs.

Candidate Key: A candidate key is a set of attribute that form a super key but no proper subset of which is a super key.

Primary Key: A primary key is a candidate key chosen by database designer to identify tuples in a relation.


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Wednesday, November 21, 2012

Data model and Relational Database Model


A data model

               The data model is used to represent real facts of the application. An application may contain many facts however one has to focus only on important facts ignoring the others. For example in case of student details application, student name, roll no, address have to be described however student may also contain other facts like fathers name etc. which may not be relevant.  Some of the salient features that model must may have are listed.
  • Data model mainly describes the data, which gets stored and processed in a given situation.
  • A data model may describe data and various levels and description may be at logical / physical levels or from the point of user.
  • A data model proposes a set of concepts for description of the nature of data and inter-relationships between them along with the syntax.
  • A model should have as minimum concepts, which are close to real world so that user can understand the model and verify.
  • The model should provide primitives by which meaning of data can be captured. The meaning contains type of value data items take their inter-relation to higher level entities and the correctness requirement for them.

Relational Database Model

             Insertion anomalies and redundant data are problems associated with an early database model known as a hierarchical table (parent-child table). Network database (owner-member table) models were problematic as well. These two models led to the development of the relational database model.

The relational model for database management is a database model based on first –order predicate logic (mathematical theories applied by Dr. E. F. Codd). A database model organized in terms of relational model is a relational database model (RDM).

In a RDM, data are stored in a relation or table (those terms may be used interchangeably.) Each table contains rows or records, (also called tuples), and columns which represent attributes or fields. Each record or row is represented by a unique field known as the Primary key. The categories of relationships in a RDM are one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many. A many-to-many relationship must be broken down into numerous one-to-many relationships. If a pair of tables share a relationship, data can be retrieved based on matching values of a shared field between the tables. Data is retrieved by specifying fields and tables using a standard query language known as Structured Query Language (SQL). Most DBMSs (Database Managements Systems) use SQL to build, modify, maintain and manipulate databases. Thorough knowledge of SQL isn’t always necessary since most DMBSs use a graphical interface to generate SQL statements and retrieve data. It is good, however, to have basic knowledge of SQL.



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Monday, November 12, 2012

E-commerce Security Issues

First of all e-commerce is surrounded by different issues such as commercial, Network infrastructure, Social and Cultural and Security issues are presented below which are important for successful business. E-commerce security issues are frequently aired in the press and are certainly important. Customers are concerned that the item ordered won’t materialize, or be as described. As (much worse) they worry about their social security number and credit card details being misappropriated. However rare, these things do happen, and customers need to be assured that all e-commerce security issues have been covered. Your guarantees and returns policies must be stated on the website and they must be adhered to. Let us first state the security attacks on e-commerce process and Security goals we want to achieve for successful e-commerce.

Attacks on Security
Security attacks can be classified in the following categories depending on the nature of the attacker.

a)      Passive Attacks
The attacker can only eavesdrop or monitor the network traffic. Typically, this is the easiest form of attack and can be performed without difficulty in many networking environments, e.g. broadcast type networks such as Ethernet and wireless networks.

b)      Active Attacks
The attacker is not only able to listen to the transmission but is also able to actively alter or obstruct it. Furthermore, depending on the attackers actions, the following subcategories can be used to cover to cover the majority to cover the majority of attacks.

c)       Eavesdropping
This is attack is used to gain knowledge of the transmitted data. This is passive attack which is easily performed in many networking environments as motioned above. However, this attack can easily perform in many networking environments. However this attack can easily be prevented by using an encryption scheme to protect the transmitted data.

d)      Traffic Analysis
The main goal of this attack is not to gain direct knowledge about the transmitted data, but to extra information from the characteristics of the transmission, e.g. amount of data transmitted, identity of the communicating nodes etc. This information may allow the attacked to deduce sensitive information, e.g., the roes of the communicating nodes, their position etc. Unlike the previously described attack, this one is more difficult to prevent.

e)      Impersonation
Here, the attacker uses the identity of another node to gain unauthorized access to resource or data. This attack is often used as a prerequisite to eavesdropping. By impersonating a legitimate node, the attacker can try to gain access to the encryption key used to protect the transmitted data. Once, this key is known by the attacker, she can successfully perform the eavesdropping attack.


f)       Modification
This attack modifies data during the transmission between the communicating nodes, implying that the communicating nodes do not share the same view of the transmitted data. An example could be when the transmitted data represents a financial transaction where the attacker has modified the transactions value.

g)      Insertion
This attack involves an unauthorized party, who inserts new data claiming that it originates from a legitimate party. This attack is related to that of impersonation.

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